New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew cooling trends in Data Center designKURT JÜRGEN PLÖTNER Director Global Product Sales & MarketingSTULZ GmbHNew Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data Centres•Cooling trends in data-centre design 1. EC-fan technology 2. Standby-Management 3. Air Cooling – A Matter of Defined Air Path 4. Raised floor pressure management 5. Indirect free-cooling (DFC) 6. direct free-coolingMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design2New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresCooling trends in data-centre design 1. EC-fan technologyMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design3New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresEC-fan technologyMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design4New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresEC-fan technologyCentrifugal fanvs.Example: CSD 431 A • Air volume:EC-fan Example: ASD 451 A13.000 m³/h• Air volume:13.000 m³/h• Total cooling cap.: 44,0 kW• Total cooling cap.: 43,9 kW• Fan power cons.:• Fan power cons.:3,9 kW2,3 kW• Reduction of fan power consumption by 42% • Savings: 1.490,- €/year @ 0,10 €/kWh May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design5New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresEC-fan technology …but, EC-technology is much more than efficiency… No in-rush current Speed is ramped up, never draws more than F.L.Amps No requirement for delayed startingMay 2009EC current ramps up to F.L.A.F.L.A.InrushAC inrush current 3.5 times F.L.A.New Cooling Trends in Data Centre DesignF.L.A.• • •6New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresEC-fan technology …but, EC-technology is much more than efficiency…••Scalable air volume setting via Controller on demand Direct drive technology, no belts+ + + + +• May 2009Low vibration+New Cooling Trends in Data Centre DesignEasy adaption to changing space conditions Additional energy savings Reduced noise levels Long and maintenance-free operation No abrasion, No belt dust , No additional filtration neededQuiet running AC unit 7New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresCooling trends in data-centre design 2. Standby-ManagementMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design8New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresStandby-Management100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% AirflowMay 2009Absorbed Power100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design1/2 AirflowAirflow1/8 Absorbed PowerAbsorbed Power9New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresStandby-Management Sample: 4x ASD1900CW at 26°C/40% Water 10/15°CAirflow: 3x 39.000 m³/h Fan power = 3x 12,6 kW = 37,8 kW Lpa,2m = 3x 71,6 dB(A) = 76,4 db(A)Standby3x 146,8 kW = 440,4 kW net sensibleAirflow: 4x 29.000 m³/h Fan power = 4x 5,3 kW = 21,2 kW Lpa,2m = 4x 50,8 dB(A) = 56,8 db(A) 4x 114,6 kW = 458,6 kW net sensible=> Energy savings: 16,6 kW x 8760h x 0,1 = 14.541 €/year @ 0,1 €/kWh May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design10New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data Centres3. Air Cooling – A Matter of Defined Air PathMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design11New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresThe challenge: an even air distribution for the rackLow air volume“Right” air volumeHigh air volume and high supply air temperatureSource: IntelMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design12New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresAir Cooling – A matter of a Defined Air Path (1/3) • Cold Supply Air: Directly into the Room • Warm Return Air: Through the Room • Part of the raised floor must be closed (hot aisle) • Increase of cooling capacity/efficiency due to better defined air path • Still risk of air short circuit (top of Racks, end of rows) • Usable in combination with non-19”-stand alone equipment • 1 tile/rack, 600cfm/tile, 120cfm/kW => 5kW/rack can be removedSOURCE: ASHRAE - Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling ApplicationsMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design13New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresAir Cooling – A matter of a Defined Air Path (2/3) • Cold Supply Air: Directly into the Room • Warm Return Air: Through duct and false ceiling • Whole raised floor can be used for perforated tiles • No need for front to front layout • Increased cold air supply to the room / rack front area possible • Usable in combination with non-19”-stand alone equipment • 2 tile/rack, 600cfm/tile, 120cfm/kW => 10kW/rack can be removedSOURCE: ASHRAE - Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling ApplicationsMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design14New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresAir Cooling – A matter of a Defined Air Path (3/3) • Cold Supply Air: Directly into the Rack • Warm Return Air: Through duct and false ceiling • No need for perforated tiles • No need for front to front layout • Usable in combination with non-19”-stand alone equipment • High Delta T Cooling (20°C) with Blade Servers possible • e.g. 2000cfm/rack, 100cfm/kW => 20kW/rack can be removedSOURCE: ASHRAE - Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling ApplicationsMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design15New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRACKS WITH MODIFIED AIRFLOW ARRANGEMENT TO COOL 10KW/RACK WITH COLD AISLE CONCEPT AND NOT HOT-COLD AISLE CONCEPTMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design16New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresHigh Density Rack Solutions ≥ 8-20 kW / RackMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design17New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresAir Cooling – A matter of a Defined Air PathMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design18New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresInRow Cooling System IT RacksCoolingFront View May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design19New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresInRow Cooling System »May 2009InRow Cooling » Close coupled heat source and heat removal » Raised floor not required for air distributionNew Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design20New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresCooling trends in data-centre design 4. Raised floor pressure managementMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design21New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRaised floor pressure managementP = constant The objective of the raised floor pressure control is to balance the pressure in the raised floor in order to achieve a constant statical pressure and even air flow all over the raised floor. The EC-fans of the CRAC unit are speed-controlled in dependence of the differential pressure between raised floor and atmosphere. May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design22New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRaised floor pressure management Advantages:•Securing that the same statical pressure is present all over the raised floor and according to this a sufficient quantity of cold supply air is available to cool the servers.•Even air distribution inside the raised floor.•Due to an optimized arrangement of the perforated tiles (the airflow through these tiles has to be adjustable) it can be guaranteed that the racks (and hence the servers) are provided with the required air volume.•Prevention of „hot-spots“.•Possibility of controlling various „load-densities“ in the room via quantity, position and free section of the perforated raised-floor tiles.May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design23New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRaised floor pressure management Technical requirements room and raised floor:•May 2009The raised floor has to be hermetically sealed, all openings have to be closed.New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design24New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRaised floor pressure management Technical requirements room and raised floor:•The raised floor must have a sufficient clearance (height), it must be understood as a „supply air duct“. The utilisation of the raised floor for cabling or pipework has to be avoided. If cables or pipework have to be installed the total height has to be adapted.•The tile open area in the room should not exceed 10-15% (see ASHRAE or VDI 2054).May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design25New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRaised floor pressure management Example:Distance CRAC unit – deflector plate: approx. 2mApprox 50% of the airflow of one CRAC per cold corridor.May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design26New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresCooling trends in data-centre design 5. Indirect Free-Cooling (DFC)May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design27New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresRegions for Free CoolingMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design28New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresTCO Total Cost of OwnershipCyberAir 2 with DFC lowers TCO by 60 percent less energy consumptionAmortisation CyberAir 2 Lower Opex Extra Investment CyberAir 2 Basic Investment Ordinary Climate ControlHigher CapexRunning Time May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design29New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresHybrid Climate Control System » » »Automatic selection of energy efficient cooling mode depending on outdoor temperature and thermal load Compressor operation or Free Cooling in four modes Electronic Expansion Valve: increased COP compressor cooling in MIX modeEnergy Consumption FCNew Cooling Trends in Data Centre DesignFree CoolingEFCExtended Free CoolingMIXCompressor & Free CoolingDXCompressor Cooling May 200930New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresGE / DFC System » » »CyberAir 2 GE units Drycooler with speed controlled EC fans Speed controlled central pumpMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design31New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresSystem Design1…n= water connection May 2009= analogue control signal= digital control signalNew Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design1…n= units comm. 32New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresKey elements Dynamic Free-Cooling •Dynamic component control•Free-cooling Standby-Management•Dynamic Water temperature (water temp. is automatically adjusted according to room load)•Optimised casing design•Dual 2-way-valve system•High efficient Mix-Mode operationMay 200966%66%New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design66%33New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresExample Athens, Greece:MIX & Free CoolingMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre DesignCompressor34New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresExample Athens, Greece:Capex: +38%Opex: -17%May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design35New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresExample Athens, Greece:May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design36New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresCooling trends in data-centre design 6. Direct Free-Cooling (DFC²)May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design37New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew conceptions: Direct free-cooling! Dynamic Free Cooling is offering the most energy efficient direct free-cooling system worldwide.If certain constraints can be accepted with this new developed system even more energy can be saved.May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design38New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew conceptions: Direct free-cooling! Advantages:•High energy efficiency because of direct free-cooling – no losses due to additional heat exchangers•Easy scalability of the system „Build as you grow!“ – no hydraulic calculation (pipework, pumps, valves, etc) needed from day one for the overall completion•Lower investment costs compared to indirect free-cooling systems•Lower energy consumption in comparison to all other traditional systemsMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design39New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew conceptions: Direct free-cooling! General conditions: Decontrol of room humidity – range e.g. 20%- 80% r.H. Considerations of dust loading during choice of site (e.g. avoidance of proximity to highways, harvest, city centres) Acceptance of possible environmental effects (e.g. smoke, gas, etc.) Acceptance of lower building safety Site conditions: Open options in constructural matters Ductwork as short as possible (pressure drop) Air intake has to be prevented from direct sun solarisation May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design40New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew conceptions: Direct free-cooling!ASHRAE TC 9.9 - 2004 ASHRAE TC 9.9 - 2008New requirements allow new ideas of data-centre air-conditioning!May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design41New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew conceptions: Direct free-cooling! WETTERDATENBerlinBremerhavenEssenFrankfurtHamburgMannheimMünchenNürnbergStuttgartMittlere jährliche Stundenanzahl, gemäß DIN 4710 Ausgabe Nov. 1982% Anteil87,694,191,286,892,685,790,088,990,7Stunden7.6728.2397.9927.6018.1117.5087.8837.7877.942% Anteil = Prozentualer Anteil der Jahrestemperaturstunden bis einschließlich 18°C Stunden = Jahrestemperaturstunden bis einschließlich 18°CMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design42New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresNew conceptions: Direct free-cooling!May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design43New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresDirect free-cooling: air exchangeMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design44New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresDirect free-cooling: mix operation with recirculating airMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design45New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresDirect free-cooling: mix operation with recirculating air and filter preheatingMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design46New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresDirect free-cooling: air exchange and compressor operationMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design47New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresDirect free-cooling: recirculating air and compressor operationMay 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design48New Design Trends for Air Conditioning Installations in Data CentresEnd of the 1. Presentation Presentation „ Best Practice“ will follow after this non – commercial break !May 2009New Cooling Trends in Data Centre Design49